ראשונים על התלמודRishonim on Talmud
רש"יRashiClassic 11th-century commentary known for its concise and clear explanations and considered a key resource in studying Talmud.רשב"םRashbam12th-century commentary by Rashi’s grandson, printed in place of Rashi’s commentary on most of Bava Batra and alongside Rashi on the last chapter of Pesachim.תוספותTosafotAnalytic commentary addressing textual difficulties and harmonizing conflicting passages, composed throughout the 12th and 13th centuries.חידושי רמב״ןChiddushei RambanInfluential 13th-century analytic commentary incorporating approaches from a wide range of earlier commentators.רי"ףRif11th-century code that presents practical legal conclusions of talmudic passages and served later authorities as a basis for determining law.פירוש הרא"שCommentary of the Rosh13th or 14th-century commentary of Rabbi Asher ben Yechiel on tractates Nedarim, Nazir, and Tamid.כתב יד רש"יKtav Yad RashiManuscript of Rashi’s 11th-century commentary on tractates Menachot and Bekhorot, included in printed editions of the Talmud.מאיריMeiri13th-century commentary with digest-like summaries of the Talmud’s conclusions and earlier interpretations.מרדכיMordechaiחדושי הרא"הChiddushei HaRa'ahפסקי תוספותPiskei TosafotMedieval work summarizing the bottom-line legal conclusions that emerge from the Tosafists’ Talmud commentary.רבינו חננאלRabbeinu ChananelFirst extensive Talmud commentary, compiled in the 11th-century, paraphrasing legal passages and noting their conclusions.רבינו גרשוםRabbeinu Gershom10th or 11th-century commentary on Ta’anit, Bava Batra, and the tractates of Seder Kodashim, among the earliest of Ashkenazi talmudic interpretations.ר"ןRan14th-century commentary on tractate Nedarim, printed alongside the text of the Talmud and considered the foremost commentary on the tractate.רשב"אRashba13th-century commentary by Rabbi Shlomo ibn Aderet, a student of the Ramban who largely followed the methodology of his teacher.רב ניסים גאוןRav Nissim Gaon11th-century commentary by a teacher of the Rif and rosh yeshiva in Kairouan, printed alongside the Talmud in tractates Berakhot, Shabbat, and Eruvin.ר"י מיגאשRi Migash12th-century commentary by R. Joseph ibn Migashריטב"אRitva14th-century commentary by Rabbi Yom Tov ben Avraham Assevilli, a student of the Rashba and the Re’ah.רא"שRoshInfluential 14th-century code presenting practical legal conclusions of talmudic passages, based on the work of the Rif.תוספות הרא"שTosafot HaRosh14th-century commentary of Rabbi Asher ben Yechiel, based in large part on commentaries of the Tosafists.תוספות ר"י הזקןTosafot Ri HaZakenCommentary on tractate Kiddushin erroneously published under the name of a 12th-century French Tosafist, but in fact the work of 14th-century Rabbi Avraham min Hahar.תוספות רי"דTosafot Rid13th-century commentary by a prominent Italian Tosafist, who compiled several editions to some tractates and often critiqued his own earlier positions.תוספות שאנץTosafot Shantz13th-century commentary attributed to the French Tosafist Rabbi Shimshon of Sens, printed alongside the text of tractate Sotah.תוספות ישנים Tosafot YeshanimAdditional commentary of the Tosafists, traditionally printed alongside the text of the Talmud in several tractates.יד רמהYad Ramah13th-century commentary of Rabbi Meir Abulafia, known by his acronym “Ramah,” a leading rabbinic figure in medieval Spain.