ראשונים על התנ״ךRishonim on Tanakh
רש"יRashiMost widely-read biblical commentary, compiled in the 11th-century, explaining the simple meaning of the text with interpretive elaborations.אבן עזראIbn Ezra12th-century commentary focusing on the simple meaning of the text and incorporating grammar and linguistics.רמב"ןRamban13th-century commentary weaving together biblical interpretation with law, philosophy, and mysticism.אברבנאלAbarbanel15th-century commentary on the Torah and Prophets, opening each section with a list of questions on the biblical text.אלשיךAlshich16th-century commentary highlighting the moral and religious lessons embedded in every biblical phrase.בעל הטורים Ba'al HaTurim14th-century short introductions to biblical passages by the author of the Tur, often containing gematria and linguistic devices.בכור שורBekhor Shor12th-century commentary by a French Tosafist, focusing on literal interpretations and offering rational explanations of miraculous biblical events.חזקוניChizkuni13th-century commentary presenting literal interpretations of the author’s predecessors and presenting new ideas.דעת זקניםDa'at ZekenimCommentary composed by the Tosafists in the 12th and 13th centuries, primarily in France and Germany.עמנואל הרומיImmanuel of Romeיוסף אבן יחיאJoseph ibn Yahya16th-century commentary on Writings by a student of the Rashba.קיצור בעל הטורים Kitzur Ba'al HaTurimAbridgement of the 14th-century Baal HaTurim Torah commentary.מנחת שיMinchat Shai17th-century commentary focusing on textual variants, cantillation marks, and vowelization of biblical text.רבנו בחייRabbeinu Bahya14th-century commentary incorporating literal explanations along with allegorical, philosophical, and mystical interpretations.רבינו חננאלRabbeinu Chananel11th-century commentary reconstructed from citations in later Torah commentators and fragments of manuscripts discovered in the Cairo Genizah.רד"קRadakPopular 13th-century commentary focusing on the simple meaning of the text and incorporating grammar and philosophy.רלב"גRalbag14th-century commentary defining words, explaining passages, and demonstrating morals, incorporating law, philosophy, math, and astronomy.רלב"ג ביאור המלותRalbag Beur HaMilotOne of three sections of Ralbag’s Torah commentary, focusing on literal definitions.רשב"םRashbamPopular 12th-century commentary by Rashi’s grandson focusing on the simple meaning of the text.ר' סעדיה גאוןSaadia Gaon10th-century commentary incorporating essays on legal and philosophical topics loosely connected to biblical verses.אבן עזרא מהדורא תניינאSecond Version of Ibn EzraSecond commentary of the Ibn Ezra on the Book of Esther, with overlapping themes to those of his first commentary but with many new interpretations.ספורנוSfornoCommentary by 16th-century Italian rabbi and physician.הטור הארוךTur HaAroch14th-century commentary by the author of the Tur with summaries of traditional interpretations, particularly those of the Ramban.